Liver function test (L.F.Ts)

                               Liver function test (L.F.Ts)

The test by which functional condition of the liver can be known is called liver function test. Such as:

1.    Blood: a. serum bilirubin

             b. SGOT(ALT)

             c. SGPT(ALT)

             d. serum alkaline phosphatas

            e. prothrombin time

2. Urine: a. bile salt

                 b. bile pigment

                c. urobilinogen

3. Stool: a. stercobilinogen

Jaundice: The clinical condition in which serum bilirubin level will be high ( more than normal range).

As a result eyes, lips, skin, tongue and mucous membrane of the body will be pale yellow is called jaundice.

Classification of jaundice: there are three kinds of jaundice , such as:

1.    Obstructive jaundice

2.    Hepatocellular jaundice

3.    Haemolytic jaundice

1.    Obstructive jaundice: The jaundice which are developed due to obstruction of bile duct is called obstructive jaundice.

Causes: a. Stone in bile duct

               b. Infection in bile duct

c. Tumour in bile duct

d. Worm infestation

e. Injury of bile duct.

2. Hepatocellur jaundice: The jaundice which is developed due to infection or injury of liver is called hepatocellur jaundice.

Causes: a. Infection of hepatitis virus

               b. liver cell carcionoma

               c. Tumour in liver

               d. Injury of the liver

3. Haemolytic jaundice: The jaundice which is developed due to over destruction of RBC is called haemolytic jaundice.

Causes: a. Thalassaemia

               b. Leukaemia

                c. Poisning

               d. Drug infection

J  Route of transmission of hepatitis virus

Name of virus	Route of transmission
Hepatitis  A	Food and drink
Hepatitis B	Blood and STD (sexually transmitted disease
Hepatitis C	Blood and STD
Hepatitis D	Food and drink
Hepatitis E	Food and drink